The series will challenge our view of obesity as it follows the lives of several patients being treated for the disease by Prof Proietto at the Austin Health Clinic in Melbourne. You can't actually tell determine whether a person is overweight or obese just by their appearance, despite what many think. The Australian Institute of Health and Welfare reports 63 per cent of Australians are overweight or obese.
Although there are other ways of assessing obesity, the Body Mass Index BMI is still the standard method of measuring a population. But it's not perfect. Bearing those caveats in mind, if you do a waist measure [as well], it's a good indication for the potential of problems and presence of problems. People with a BMI of 25— Waist circumferences of 94 cm in men and 80 cm in women pose greater risks to health.
That is the clinical way to determine excess weight and obesity but, there are many limitations such as height, athletic ability and ethnicity. Some Pacific Islanders have more muscle; Asians are smaller and have less muscle. Images of what obesity looks like need to change to better reflect the complexity of the issue, say experts.
It's not like diabetes or heart disease - nobody knows you have diabetes or heart disease. What we, as a society, need to remember is that people with obesity are human beings. There are different charts for girls or guys. BMI estimates how much body fat the person has. Because muscle weighs more than fat, a muscular person can have a high BMI, but not too much body fat.
Likewise, it's possible for someone to have a low or ideal BMI but still have too much body fat. Obesity is bad news for both body and mind. Not only can it make someone feel tired and uncomfortable, carrying extra weight puts added stress on the body, especially the bones and joints of the legs. Kids and teens who are overweight are more likely to develop diabetes and other health problems. And overweight adults have a higher chance of getting heart disease.
Obesity increases the chance of having asthma. Breathing problems related to weight can make it harder to keep up with friends, play sports, or just walk from class to class. Sleep apnea. This condition where a person temporarily stops breathing during sleep is a serious problem for many overweight kids and adults. Sleep apnea can leave people feeling tired and affect their ability to concentrate and learn. It also may lead to heart problems. High blood pressure. When blood pressure is high, the heart has to work harder.
If the problem continues for a long time, high blood pressure can damage the heart and arteries. High cholesterol. Abnormal blood lipid levels, including high cholesterol, low HDL "good" cholesterol, and high triglyceride levels, increase the chances of having a heart attack or stroke when a person gets older.
A buildup of bile that hardens in the gallbladder forms gallstones. These can be painful and require surgery.
Fatty liver. If fat builds up in the liver, it can cause inflammation , scarring, and permanent liver damage. Joint and muscle pain.
Wear and tear on the joints from carrying extra weight may lead to arthritis in adulthood. Dual energy x-ray absortiometry DEXA to measure body fat and bone density. Anthropometric measurements and bioelectrical impedance to measure height, weight, and circumferences, skinfold thickness, fluid status and percentage body fat.
Bromide dilution to measure the amount of water not in cells in the body. Doubly labeled water to measure the amount of calories burned in a 7-day period. Endothelial reactivity to measure how the blood vessels stretch or dilate for assessing cardiovascular health. Treadmill or bicycle exercise capacity test. Physical activity monitor. Unicorder to detect any breathing difficulties that may interfere with sleep. Fat and muscle biopsy to look for variations in gene expression in fat tissue and muscle.
Neurocognitive testing to check memory, decision-making, hand-eye coordination, and reasoning. Evaluation of mood problems and assess personality type. Evaluation to assess the quantity and quality of pain experienced. Taste testing to determine the response to bitter, salty, sweet and sour substances.
Occupational therapy evaluation to explore the subject s adaptations, if any, for performing personal, social or professional activities; the subject s views on his or her weight, body size and shape, and strategies to control weight.
Detailed Description:. Obese men and women over the age of 18 years with BMI greater than 30, who are reasonably healthy. Overweight men and women over the age of 18 years with BMI greater than 25 and less than 30, who are reasonably healthy. Outcome Measures. Primary Outcome Measures : Phenotype physical and behavioral traits of overweight and obese people [ Time Frame: Two weeks ] The aim of this study is to extensively phenotype subjects with varying degrees of obesity, as well as those with rare adipose disorders such as multiple symmetric lipomatosis Madelung s disease , Dercums disease adiposis dolorosa and lipedema; to assess their hormonal, metabolic, cognitive and behavioral traits.
Eligibility Criteria. Information from the National Library of Medicine Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Current, unstable medical conditions including cardiac ischemia; severe respiratory insufficiency requiring oxygen therapy; hepatic or cardiac failure as assessed by history and physical exam; Any psychiatric condition that would preclude participation in the study; Patients unwilling or unable to give informed consent.
Pregnant women Additional exclusion for lean control subjects: Previous history of obesity as an adolescent or adult; Current or past history of eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa or bulimia. Contacts and Locations. Information from the National Library of Medicine To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials. More Information. Overweight, obesity, and mortality in a large prospective cohort of persons 50 to 71 years old. N Engl J Med.
Epub Aug Overweight, obesity, and mortality from cancer in a prospectively studied cohort of U.
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